Familial Medullary Thyroid Cancer: Five-year Review of the Most Frequent Mutations in the RET Gene: An Update

Background: Familial Medullary Thyroid Cancer (FMTC) is hereditary in 25% of cases. Patients with an inherited form FMTC usually have a germline mutation the RET proto-oncogene (10q11.2); these mutations generally occur exons 10 (codons 618 and 620) 11 630, 631, 634).
 Methods: A narrative review articles focused on pathology familial medullary thyroid cancer was carried out using next databases PubMed, ScienceDirect, BMC, Springer, Frontiers, PMC, Wiley Online Library, Cold Spring Harbor ELSEVIER. This search between August September 2021.
 Results: 19 studies were selected which following found: five (26.31%) reported exon 10; three (15.78%) 11; 13 (one them associated rare 7) (10.52% plus 5.26%); 14; two (10.52%) 15; 16; one (5.26%) NO RET. The most frequent codons 620 804 14.
 Conclusion: findings this are consistent medical literature, finding common codon 620. It essential that patients presumptive diagnosis, genetic (identification proto-oncogene, located chromosome 10q11.2) be performed.